The study of research methods has its own discourse. This includes a set of terminologies. If you are angry with your lecturer you might call it, ‘a set of jargons’. There is no escape from this. You don’t need to memorise them, but surely you have to familarise yourself with them.
Here is a glossary of terms: Glossary of Terms in Research Methods. I have adapted this from: http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_matthews_resmeth/153/39239/10045193.cw/-/10045194/index.html